{"id":15024,"date":"2016-12-20T11:37:19","date_gmt":"2016-12-20T10:37:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.93-93-113-41.plesk.page\/ca\/?p=15024"},"modified":"2024-04-02T09:02:33","modified_gmt":"2024-04-02T07:02:33","slug":"cronobiologia-i-obesitat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.93-93-113-41.plesk.page\/ca\/cronobiologia-i-obesitat\/","title":{"rendered":"Cronobiologia i Obesitat"},"content":{"rendered":"

Com s’ha observat des de fa temps, els \u00e9ssers vius realitzem un gran nombre de canvis c\u00edclics de manera peri\u00f2dica, fet que anomenem ritmes biol\u00f2gics. La Cronobiologia es la ci\u00e8ncia que estudia aquests processos de sincronitzaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Actualment, degut a diferents situacions, com l’exposici\u00f3 a llum intensa durant la nit o el jet-lag, es produeixen fen\u00f2mens d’interrupci\u00f3 o desincronitzaci\u00f3 d’aquests ritmes, que \u00e9s el que coneixem com a cronodisrupci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

El sistema circadi\u00e0 est\u00e0 format principalment per un “rellotge central”, el nucli supraquiasm\u00e0tic, localitzat a l’hipot\u00e0lam, una estructura cerebral. Aquest nucli es sincronitza gr\u00e0cies a l’informaci\u00f3 que rep en forma de llum o foscor, el menjar o dejuni i la pres\u00e8ncia d’activitat o rep\u00f2s. A m\u00e9s, es coneix l’exist\u00e8ncia de diverses variants de gens rellotge (CLOCK), que funcionen de manera independent de les senyals externes i que s’encarreguen de modular els ritmes biol\u00f2gics mitjan\u00e7ant hormones com el cortisol o la melatonina. Tamb\u00e9 disposem d’altres “rellotges perif\u00e8rics” controlats pel nucli supraquiasm\u00e0tic, un dels quals es troba al teixit adip\u00f3s (gras). Aquest teixit expressa gens que regulen hormones implicades en el metabolisme, com s\u00f3n l’adiponectina o la leptina.<\/p>\n

Estudis recents han demostrat que una de les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies que pot tenir la cronodisrupci\u00f3 \u00e9s l’aparici\u00f3 d’Obesitat<\/a> i s\u00edndrome metab\u00f2lica. En concret, s’ha objectivat que el moment en qu\u00e8 mengem \u00e9s un factor clau en el desenvolupament d’obesitat, independenment de la ingesta cal\u00f2rica diaria.<\/p>\n

Envers la Cronobiologia, disposem d’un estudi, realitzat al 2013 (Jakubowicz et al.) on s’indicava una dieta de 1.400 kcal a dos grups de dones obeses, amb la difer\u00e8ncia que un d’ells rebia la major ingesta (700 kcal) a l’esmorzar i l’altre al sopar. En el grup que esmorzava m\u00e9s es va objectivar una major disminuci\u00f3 de pes i de cintura, juntament amb valors m\u00e9s baixos de glucosa (sucre), insulina i triglic\u00e8rids. Un altre estudi a destacar \u00e9s el del grup de l’Universitat de Harvard (Garaulet et al.), recentment publicat a l’International Journal of Obesity. Es va observar que, dins un grup de 420 persones amb ingesta i consum cal\u00f2ric similar, aquelles que dinaven m\u00e9s tard de les 15h perdien 2 kg menys respecte les que ho feien abans d’aquesta hora (7,7 vs. 9,9).<\/p>\n

En resum, diverses publicacions han objectivat que dinar tard s’associa amb una menor despesa energ\u00e8tica en rep\u00f2s, disminuci\u00f3 de la toler\u00e0ncia a la glucosa, alteraci\u00f3 del ritme circadi\u00e0 del cortisol (de manera similar a una situaci\u00f3 d’estr\u00e9s) i pitjor p\u00e8rdua de pes. Per aquest motiu, les recomanacions diet\u00e8tiques per perdre pes haurien d’incloure no nom\u00e9s el que hem de menjar sino tamb\u00e9 la Cronobiologia, es a dir, en quin moment es millor fer-ho, amb l’objectiu que un horari regular en els \u00e0pats i les hores de son contribu\u00eds a la disminuci\u00f3 de pes gr\u00e0cies al correcte funcionament del nostre sistema circadi\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Dra. Gemma Cuixart Carruesco
\nEspecialista en Endocrinologia i Nutrici\u00f3
\nCol\u00b7legiada n\u00fam 48408 del Col.legi Oficial de Metges de Barcelona.
\nServei d\u2019Endocrinologia i Nutrici\u00f3 de Cl\u00ednica ServiDigest<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Com s’ha observat des de fa temps, els \u00e9ssers vius realitzem un gran nombre de canvis c\u00edclics de manera peri\u00f2dica, fet que anomenem ritmes biol\u00f2gics. […]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15019,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[828],"tags":[770,34],"class_list":{"0":"post-15024","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-articles-medics","8":"tag-cronobiologia-2","9":"tag-obesitat"},"yoast_head":"\nCronobiologia i Obesitat - Servidigest<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Cronobiologia \u00e9s la ci\u00e8ncia que estudia els processos de sincronitzaci\u00f3 dels canvis c\u00edclics, el que anomenem ritmes biol\u00f2gics.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dev.93-93-113-41.plesk.page\/ca\/cronobiologia-i-obesitat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cronobiologia i Obesitat - 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